Cognitive disorders, also known as neurocognitive disorders, are a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect cognitive abilities including learning, memory, perception, and problem-solving. There are three general types of cognitive disorders: dementia, delirium, and amnesia.

Dementiaoccurs when a person loses cognitive ability, including memory, thought, language, problem solving, and judgment. Alzheimer’s Disease leads to dementia.

Deliriumhappens when a person becomes disoriented and confused. Because it has similar symptoms, delirium is sometimes confused with dementia.Delirium can be caused by the worsening of previous medical conditions, substance abuse or withdrawal, mental illness, severe pain, immobilization, sleep deprivation and hypnosis.

Amnesiais characterized by damage to major memory encoding parts of the brain such as the hippocampus. These types of Cognitive Disorders are acquired, and not part of the individual’s developmental process. The root causes for these CDs are many and variable and can only be diagnosed by a neurologist. Treatment, if warranted, is directly related to the root cause of the disorder.
What are the symptoms of cognitive disorders?

Changes in behavior, memory loss, mood changes, agitation, aggression, social withdrawal, self-neglect, cognitive difficulty, personality changes, difficulty performing tasks, forgetfulness, getting lost in familiar neighborhoods, difficulty in communication, loss of independence and many more.

Treatment

There is no cure for most types of neurocognitive disorders, but certain treatments can help alleviate the symptoms temporarily. Antidepressantsor medications that treat memory loss and other symptoms may be prescribed. For many patients with neurocognitive disorders, ongoingpsychotherapyand psychosocial support is often necessary for clear understanding and propermanagementof the disorder, to establish an adequatecaregivingregimen, and to maintain quality of life. Because of the level of support that is often necessary, spouse, partners, and family members often take part in these sessions.

Medication Management

Prescribing accurate medication is essential to managing cognitive disorder. Usage of correct medication can significantly reduce symptoms like agitation, aggression, sleep problem, irritability anxiety, depression and any other behavioral dyscontrol.
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